Graph transformation is the process by which an existing graph. Transformation is four types .  Transformations of Graphs … For the base function f (x) and a constant k, the function given by. g (x) = f (x) + k;. can be sketched by shifting f (x) k units vertically.

similarly g(x) = kf(x) ,  reflection by axis. Also g(x) = f(kx),  reflection about y axis.

Transformation of function

Transformation of graph